Bottom -up approaches : grapheme -> phoneme -> morpheme -> words -> phrases and sentence -> paragraphs (understanding whole meaning)
This approach focuses on the smaller units of language thath help us decode a message:word and structure recognition, the sound letter relationship, making meaning of syntantic units (phrases and sentence)
Improving bottom-up skills can create faster readers, as learning improve their sight- word recognition
usually unrelated to meaning, someone's age, scanning specific information ,
Top-down approaches : overall purpose of the text, active process, a rough idea of writer's argument pattern
using schema, experience and background knowledge
guessing, predictiong,
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